LED TECHNICAL DATA
| ESSENTIAL PROCESS, INC. Noreen Ziegler, DVM, CNC |
BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY
Herbert Klima Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities, Vienna, Austria -
Biophysical aspects of low-level laser therapy will be discussed from two
points of view: from the electromagnetic and the thermodynamically point of
view. From electromagnetic point of view, living systems are mainly governed
by the electromagnetic interaction whose interacting particles are called
photons. Each interaction between molecules, macromolecules or living cells
is basically electromagnetic and governed by photons. For this reason, we
must expect that electromagnetic influences like laser light of proper
wavelength will have remarkable impact on the regulation of living processes.
An impressive example of this regulating function of various wavelengths of
light is found in the realm of botany, where photons of 660 nm are able to
trigger the growth of plants which leads among other things, to the formation
of buds. On the other hand, irradiation of plants by 730 nm photons may stop
the growth and the flowering. Human phagocyting cells are natively emitting
light which can be detected by single photon counting methods. Singlet
oxygen molecules are the main sources of this light emitted at 480, 570, 633,
760, 1060 and 1270 nm wavelengths. On the other hand, human cells
(leukocytes, lymphocytes, stem cells, fibroblasts, etc.) can be stimulated by
low power laser light of just these wavelengths. From thermodynamical point
of view, living systems - in contrast to dead organisms - are open systems,
which need metabolism in order to maintain their highly-ordered state of life.
Such states can only exist far from thermodynamical equilibrium, thus
dissipating heat in order to maintain their high order and complexity. Such
non-equilibrium systems are called dissipative structures proposed by the
Nobel laureate, I. Prigogine. One of the main features of dissipative
structures, is their ability to react very sensibly on weak influences, e.g. they
are able to amplify even very small stimuli. Therefore, we must expect that
even weak laser light of proper wavelength and proper irradiation should be
able to influence the dynamics of regulation in living systems. For example,
the transition from a cell at rest to a dividing one will occur during a phase
transition already influenced by the tiniest fluctuations. External stimuli can
induce these phase transitions, which would otherwise not even take place.
These phase transitions induced by light can be impressively illustrated by
various chemical and physiological reactions as special kinds of dissipative
systems. One of the most important biochemical reactions localized in
mitochondria is the oxidation of NADH in the respiratory chain of aerobic cells.
A similar reaction has been found to be a dissipative process showing
oscillating and chaotic behavior capable to absorb and amplify photons of
proper wavelength. A great variety of experimental and clinical results in the
field of low-level laser therapy supports these two biophysical points of view
concerning the interaction between life and laser light. Our former, but also
our recent experimental results on the effects of low-level laser light on human
cells are steps in this direction. By using cytometric, photometric and
radiochemical methods, it is shown that the increase or decrease of cell
growth depends on the applied wavelengths (480, 570, 633, 700, 760, 904,
1060, 1270 nm), on the irradiance (100 - 5000 J/m2), on the pulse sequence
modulated to laser beams (constant, periodic, chaotic pulses), on the type of
cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, normal and cancer cells) and on
the density of the cells in tissue cultures. Our experimental results support
our hypothesis which states that triplet oxygen molecules are able to absorb
proper laser light at wavelengths 480, 570, 633, 700, 760, 904, 1060, 1270
nm thus producing singlet oxygen molecules. Singlet oxygen takes part in
many metabolic processes, e.g. catalytic oxidation of NADH, which has been
shown to be a dissipative system far from thermodynamical equilibrium and
sensitive even to small stimuli. Therefore, laser light of proper wavelength
and irradiance in low-level laser therapy is assumed to be able to excite
oxygen molecules thus influencing or amplifying metabolism and consequently
influencing and supporting fundamental healing processes.
WOUND HEALING IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS WITH USE OF
LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY / TREATMENT OF OPERATED SPORT AND
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INJURIES:
A Randomized Clinical Study: 1) Zlatko Simunovic, M.D., F.M.H. - Department
of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, La Carit Medical Center, Laser
Center, Locarno, Switzerland; 2) Anthony D. Ivankovich, M.D. - Department of
Anesthesiology, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago,
Illinois, USA; 3) Arsen Depolo, M.D., PhD - Department of Surgery, Medical
School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Background and Objective: The main objective of current animal and clinical
studies was to assess the efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on
wound healing in rabbits and humans.
Study Design/Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled study in
rabbits initially evaluated the effects of laser irradiation on the healing of
surgical wounds. The application of LLLT to human tissues is comparable to
animal tissues of similar physiological structure, so a clinical evaluation was
subsequently conducted. After surgical therapy for injuries involving the
ankle and knee bilaterally, Achilles tendon, epicondylus, shoulder, wrist, or
interphalangeal joints of hands unilaterally, LLLT was used in 74 patients for
18 days. Infrared diode laser (GaAlAs) 830 nm continuous wave was used for
treatment of Trigger Point (TP) and HeNe 632.8 nm combined with diode laser
904 nm pulsed wave laser for scanning procedures, both applied as
monotherapy during the current clinical study. The presence of redness,
heat, pain, swelling and loss of function were assessed. Results: Wound
healing was significantly accelerated (25-35%) in the group of patients treated
with LLLT. Pain relief and functional recovery of patients treated with LLLT
were significantly improved comparing to untreated patients.
Conclusion: In addition to accelerated wound healing, main advantages of
LLLT of postoperative sport- and traffic- related injuries are reduced
exposure to side effects of drugs, significantly accelerated functional
recovery, earlier return to work, training and sport competition, with cost
benefit compared to control patients.
LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY WITH TRIGGER POINTS TECHNIQUE: A
CLINICAL STUDY ON 243 PATIENTS
Zlatko Simunovic, M.D., F.M.H. Pain Clinic-Laser Center, Locarno, Switzerland
Among various methods of application techniques in Low Level Laser
Therapy (LLLT), there is also very promising trigger points (TPs) technique.
Trigger points are myofascial zones of particular sensibility and of highest
projection of focal pain points due to ischaemic conditions. The effect of
LLLT and the result obtained after clinical treatment of more than 200
patients turn out to better that we have ever expected. The pathological
conditions treated in this study comprised: headaches, facial pain,
musculoskeletal ailments, myogenic neck pain, shoulder-arm pain,
epicondylitis humeri, tenosynovitis, low back pain and radicular pain and
Achilles tendinitis. According to clinical parameters, it has been observed that
the rigidity decreases, the mobility is restored (functional recovery) and that
the spontaneous or induced pain decreases or even disappears by
movement, too. LLLT improves local microcirculation and it can also improve
oxygen supply to hypoxic cells in the TPs area, while at the same time it can
remove collected waste products. The normalization of the microcirculation
obtained thanks to laser application, interrupts the circulus vitiosus of the
origin of the pain and its development (Melzack: muscular
tension>pain>increased tension>increased pain>etc.). Results (measured
according to the VAS/VRS/PTM): by acute pain-diminishment more than 70%
and by chronic pain more than 60%. Clinical effectiveness (success of failure)
depends upon the correctly applied energy dose - over/under dosage
produces opposite, negative effects on cellular metabolism. We haven't
observed any negative effects on human body and the use of analgesic drugs
could be reduced or completely excluded. LLLT showed us that the laser
beam could be used in the form of monotherapy
CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF LOW POWER LASER THERAPY
Karu T I.
Cytochrome c oxidase is discussed as a possible photo acceptor when cells
are irradiated with monochromatic red to near-IR radiation. Five primary
action mechanisms are reviewed: changes in the redox properties of the
respiratory chain components following photo excitation of their electronic
states; generation of singlet oxygen, localized transient heating of absorbing
chromophores release of NO, and increased superoxide anion production with
subsequent increase in concentration of the product of its dismutation, H202.
A cascade of reactions connected with alternation in cellular homeostasis
parameters (pHi, [Cai], Eh, [ATP] and some others) is considered as a photo
signal transduction and amplification chain in a cell (secondary mechanisms)
LIGHT TECHNOLOGY OFFERS HOPE FOR HEALING
By KAWANZA L. GRIFFIN
of the Journal Sentinel staff
Last Updated: Jan. 14, 2001
In just 71 seconds, Joan Cwiklinski can brighten the faces of many of her
sickest patients by illuminating their skin with powerful near- infrared light.
And although what she does is still considered experimental, the technology
she uses could potentially constitute another alternative for improving
treatment of cancer, tumors or stubborn wounds.
"So often we help one thing while at the same time hurting something else,"
said Cwiklinski, a pediatric nurse practitioner with the Medical College of
Wisconsin. "But we're finding that we get the benefits of this light (therapy)
without the side effects."
Using a square box about the size of a postcard, Cwiklinski carefully transmits
powerful red light given off by light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, through the skin
of the patient and into the deeper tissues of the body - triggering a cascade
of events that gradually release energy and stimulate healing.
The light was originally developed by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration for commercial plant-growth research in space but is now being
tested on humans so that doctors can determine how the treatment promotes
healing in hard-to-heal wounds such as diabetic skin ulcers, serious burns
and severe oral sores caused by chemotherapy and radiation.
The current treatment use is part of a study protocol designed by Harry T.
Whelan, a professor of neurology and director of the hyperbaric medicine unit
at the Medical College. NASA is funding the study.
"So far, what we see in patients and what we see in laboratory cell cultures, all
point to one conclusion," Whelan said. "The near-infrared light emitted by
these LEDs seems to be perfect for increasing energy inside cells . . . and
(accelerating) healing."
Here are some of the uses of the new technology:
Cancer-Related Mouth Sores
Many cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or head and neck radiation
develop painful mouth sores, known as mucositis. The mouth injury can range
from a slight soreness to mouth ulcers that make eating and swallowing
extremely painful.
"Some children who probably would have to be fed intravenously because of
the severe sores in their mouths have been able to eat solid food," said David
Margolis, an assistant professor of pediatrics and an oncologist at Children's
Hospital of Wisconsin, in a written statement. "Preventing this oral mucositis
improves the patient's ability to eat and drink and also reduces the risk of
infections in patients with compromised immune systems."
Margolis' pediatric cancer patients are participating in the study.
Hard-to-Heal Wounds
"For most wounds, we do not need to interfere with nature's healing," Whelan
said. "But this technology may be the answer for problem wounds that are
slow to heal."
Whelan said his laboratory research has shown that cultured human skin and
muscle cells grow five times faster when stimulated by LED light.
"Light activates the normal chemistry of energy metabolism," Whelan said. "It
causes the mitochondria that contain the energy of the cell to release ATP
(so) we are able to bypass problems in energy metabolism by jump-starting
the process." (ATP is vital to the energy processes of all living cells.)
Traditionally, laser and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have been used to
stimulate new cell growth in patients with bad wounds, Whelan said.
Laser therapy uses intense beams of light to precisely cut, burn or destroy
tissue, while hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a way of providing additional
oxygen to the tissues of the body to help it kill germs and increase healing.
But, Whelan said, lasers are more "expensive" and "bulky" compared with the
LED device and can sometimes damage healthy tissue because of their
heating intensity.
The current study is looking at LED treatment alone and in conjunction with
hyperbaric oxygen therapy to determine its safety and whether it works better
than standard treatment.
Brain Tumors
In collaboration with Glen Meyer, a professor of neurology, Whelan is using
LED light to activate light-sensitive, cancer drugs that can kill tumor cells - a
method known as photodynamic therapy.
"LEDs help us produce longer (wavelength), redder, penetrating light,"
Whelan said. "And the deeper the penetration and the redder the light, the
better the treatment."
Training Injuries
Whelan, also a commander in the Navy and diving medical officer for the
Naval Special Warfare Command, is working with doctors aboard a U.S.
nuclear submarine to determine whether LED therapy can help improve
musculoskeletal injuries suffered during training.
According to Whelan, the doctors have reported significant improvements in
healing time with the device.
The LED project will be conducted with more than 100 patients from both
Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital and Children's Hospital for 18 months.
Interested participants must be under 70 years old and have serious wounds
that their physician has determined to be healing slowly or not at all.
For more information, contact Joan Cwiklinski at (414) 454-5060.
Appeared in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel on January 15, 2001.
Herbert Klima Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities, Vienna, Austria -
Biophysical aspects of low-level laser therapy will be discussed from two
points of view: from the electromagnetic and the thermodynamically point of
view. From electromagnetic point of view, living systems are mainly governed
by the electromagnetic interaction whose interacting particles are called
photons. Each interaction between molecules, macromolecules or living cells
is basically electromagnetic and governed by photons. For this reason, we
must expect that electromagnetic influences like laser light of proper
wavelength will have remarkable impact on the regulation of living processes.
An impressive example of this regulating function of various wavelengths of
light is found in the realm of botany, where photons of 660 nm are able to
trigger the growth of plants which leads among other things, to the formation
of buds. On the other hand, irradiation of plants by 730 nm photons may stop
the growth and the flowering. Human phagocyting cells are natively emitting
light which can be detected by single photon counting methods. Singlet
oxygen molecules are the main sources of this light emitted at 480, 570, 633,
760, 1060 and 1270 nm wavelengths. On the other hand, human cells
(leukocytes, lymphocytes, stem cells, fibroblasts, etc.) can be stimulated by
low power laser light of just these wavelengths. From thermodynamical point
of view, living systems - in contrast to dead organisms - are open systems,
which need metabolism in order to maintain their highly-ordered state of life.
Such states can only exist far from thermodynamical equilibrium, thus
dissipating heat in order to maintain their high order and complexity. Such
non-equilibrium systems are called dissipative structures proposed by the
Nobel laureate, I. Prigogine. One of the main features of dissipative
structures, is their ability to react very sensibly on weak influences, e.g. they
are able to amplify even very small stimuli. Therefore, we must expect that
even weak laser light of proper wavelength and proper irradiation should be
able to influence the dynamics of regulation in living systems. For example,
the transition from a cell at rest to a dividing one will occur during a phase
transition already influenced by the tiniest fluctuations. External stimuli can
induce these phase transitions, which would otherwise not even take place.
These phase transitions induced by light can be impressively illustrated by
various chemical and physiological reactions as special kinds of dissipative
systems. One of the most important biochemical reactions localized in
mitochondria is the oxidation of NADH in the respiratory chain of aerobic cells.
A similar reaction has been found to be a dissipative process showing
oscillating and chaotic behavior capable to absorb and amplify photons of
proper wavelength. A great variety of experimental and clinical results in the
field of low-level laser therapy supports these two biophysical points of view
concerning the interaction between life and laser light. Our former, but also
our recent experimental results on the effects of low-level laser light on human
cells are steps in this direction. By using cytometric, photometric and
radiochemical methods, it is shown that the increase or decrease of cell
growth depends on the applied wavelengths (480, 570, 633, 700, 760, 904,
1060, 1270 nm), on the irradiance (100 - 5000 J/m2), on the pulse sequence
modulated to laser beams (constant, periodic, chaotic pulses), on the type of
cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, normal and cancer cells) and on
the density of the cells in tissue cultures. Our experimental results support
our hypothesis which states that triplet oxygen molecules are able to absorb
proper laser light at wavelengths 480, 570, 633, 700, 760, 904, 1060, 1270
nm thus producing singlet oxygen molecules. Singlet oxygen takes part in
many metabolic processes, e.g. catalytic oxidation of NADH, which has been
shown to be a dissipative system far from thermodynamical equilibrium and
sensitive even to small stimuli. Therefore, laser light of proper wavelength
and irradiance in low-level laser therapy is assumed to be able to excite
oxygen molecules thus influencing or amplifying metabolism and consequently
influencing and supporting fundamental healing processes.
WOUND HEALING IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS WITH USE OF
LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY / TREATMENT OF OPERATED SPORT AND
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INJURIES:
A Randomized Clinical Study: 1) Zlatko Simunovic, M.D., F.M.H. - Department
of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, La Carit Medical Center, Laser
Center, Locarno, Switzerland; 2) Anthony D. Ivankovich, M.D. - Department of
Anesthesiology, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago,
Illinois, USA; 3) Arsen Depolo, M.D., PhD - Department of Surgery, Medical
School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Background and Objective: The main objective of current animal and clinical
studies was to assess the efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on
wound healing in rabbits and humans.
Study Design/Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled study in
rabbits initially evaluated the effects of laser irradiation on the healing of
surgical wounds. The application of LLLT to human tissues is comparable to
animal tissues of similar physiological structure, so a clinical evaluation was
subsequently conducted. After surgical therapy for injuries involving the
ankle and knee bilaterally, Achilles tendon, epicondylus, shoulder, wrist, or
interphalangeal joints of hands unilaterally, LLLT was used in 74 patients for
18 days. Infrared diode laser (GaAlAs) 830 nm continuous wave was used for
treatment of Trigger Point (TP) and HeNe 632.8 nm combined with diode laser
904 nm pulsed wave laser for scanning procedures, both applied as
monotherapy during the current clinical study. The presence of redness,
heat, pain, swelling and loss of function were assessed. Results: Wound
healing was significantly accelerated (25-35%) in the group of patients treated
with LLLT. Pain relief and functional recovery of patients treated with LLLT
were significantly improved comparing to untreated patients.
Conclusion: In addition to accelerated wound healing, main advantages of
LLLT of postoperative sport- and traffic- related injuries are reduced
exposure to side effects of drugs, significantly accelerated functional
recovery, earlier return to work, training and sport competition, with cost
benefit compared to control patients.
LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY WITH TRIGGER POINTS TECHNIQUE: A
CLINICAL STUDY ON 243 PATIENTS
Zlatko Simunovic, M.D., F.M.H. Pain Clinic-Laser Center, Locarno, Switzerland
Among various methods of application techniques in Low Level Laser
Therapy (LLLT), there is also very promising trigger points (TPs) technique.
Trigger points are myofascial zones of particular sensibility and of highest
projection of focal pain points due to ischaemic conditions. The effect of
LLLT and the result obtained after clinical treatment of more than 200
patients turn out to better that we have ever expected. The pathological
conditions treated in this study comprised: headaches, facial pain,
musculoskeletal ailments, myogenic neck pain, shoulder-arm pain,
epicondylitis humeri, tenosynovitis, low back pain and radicular pain and
Achilles tendinitis. According to clinical parameters, it has been observed that
the rigidity decreases, the mobility is restored (functional recovery) and that
the spontaneous or induced pain decreases or even disappears by
movement, too. LLLT improves local microcirculation and it can also improve
oxygen supply to hypoxic cells in the TPs area, while at the same time it can
remove collected waste products. The normalization of the microcirculation
obtained thanks to laser application, interrupts the circulus vitiosus of the
origin of the pain and its development (Melzack: muscular
tension>pain>increased tension>increased pain>etc.). Results (measured
according to the VAS/VRS/PTM): by acute pain-diminishment more than 70%
and by chronic pain more than 60%. Clinical effectiveness (success of failure)
depends upon the correctly applied energy dose - over/under dosage
produces opposite, negative effects on cellular metabolism. We haven't
observed any negative effects on human body and the use of analgesic drugs
could be reduced or completely excluded. LLLT showed us that the laser
beam could be used in the form of monotherapy
CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF LOW POWER LASER THERAPY
Karu T I.
Cytochrome c oxidase is discussed as a possible photo acceptor when cells
are irradiated with monochromatic red to near-IR radiation. Five primary
action mechanisms are reviewed: changes in the redox properties of the
respiratory chain components following photo excitation of their electronic
states; generation of singlet oxygen, localized transient heating of absorbing
chromophores release of NO, and increased superoxide anion production with
subsequent increase in concentration of the product of its dismutation, H202.
A cascade of reactions connected with alternation in cellular homeostasis
parameters (pHi, [Cai], Eh, [ATP] and some others) is considered as a photo
signal transduction and amplification chain in a cell (secondary mechanisms)
LIGHT TECHNOLOGY OFFERS HOPE FOR HEALING
By KAWANZA L. GRIFFIN
of the Journal Sentinel staff
Last Updated: Jan. 14, 2001
In just 71 seconds, Joan Cwiklinski can brighten the faces of many of her
sickest patients by illuminating their skin with powerful near- infrared light.
And although what she does is still considered experimental, the technology
she uses could potentially constitute another alternative for improving
treatment of cancer, tumors or stubborn wounds.
"So often we help one thing while at the same time hurting something else,"
said Cwiklinski, a pediatric nurse practitioner with the Medical College of
Wisconsin. "But we're finding that we get the benefits of this light (therapy)
without the side effects."
Using a square box about the size of a postcard, Cwiklinski carefully transmits
powerful red light given off by light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, through the skin
of the patient and into the deeper tissues of the body - triggering a cascade
of events that gradually release energy and stimulate healing.
The light was originally developed by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration for commercial plant-growth research in space but is now being
tested on humans so that doctors can determine how the treatment promotes
healing in hard-to-heal wounds such as diabetic skin ulcers, serious burns
and severe oral sores caused by chemotherapy and radiation.
The current treatment use is part of a study protocol designed by Harry T.
Whelan, a professor of neurology and director of the hyperbaric medicine unit
at the Medical College. NASA is funding the study.
"So far, what we see in patients and what we see in laboratory cell cultures, all
point to one conclusion," Whelan said. "The near-infrared light emitted by
these LEDs seems to be perfect for increasing energy inside cells . . . and
(accelerating) healing."
Here are some of the uses of the new technology:
Cancer-Related Mouth Sores
Many cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or head and neck radiation
develop painful mouth sores, known as mucositis. The mouth injury can range
from a slight soreness to mouth ulcers that make eating and swallowing
extremely painful.
"Some children who probably would have to be fed intravenously because of
the severe sores in their mouths have been able to eat solid food," said David
Margolis, an assistant professor of pediatrics and an oncologist at Children's
Hospital of Wisconsin, in a written statement. "Preventing this oral mucositis
improves the patient's ability to eat and drink and also reduces the risk of
infections in patients with compromised immune systems."
Margolis' pediatric cancer patients are participating in the study.
Hard-to-Heal Wounds
"For most wounds, we do not need to interfere with nature's healing," Whelan
said. "But this technology may be the answer for problem wounds that are
slow to heal."
Whelan said his laboratory research has shown that cultured human skin and
muscle cells grow five times faster when stimulated by LED light.
"Light activates the normal chemistry of energy metabolism," Whelan said. "It
causes the mitochondria that contain the energy of the cell to release ATP
(so) we are able to bypass problems in energy metabolism by jump-starting
the process." (ATP is vital to the energy processes of all living cells.)
Traditionally, laser and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have been used to
stimulate new cell growth in patients with bad wounds, Whelan said.
Laser therapy uses intense beams of light to precisely cut, burn or destroy
tissue, while hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a way of providing additional
oxygen to the tissues of the body to help it kill germs and increase healing.
But, Whelan said, lasers are more "expensive" and "bulky" compared with the
LED device and can sometimes damage healthy tissue because of their
heating intensity.
The current study is looking at LED treatment alone and in conjunction with
hyperbaric oxygen therapy to determine its safety and whether it works better
than standard treatment.
Brain Tumors
In collaboration with Glen Meyer, a professor of neurology, Whelan is using
LED light to activate light-sensitive, cancer drugs that can kill tumor cells - a
method known as photodynamic therapy.
"LEDs help us produce longer (wavelength), redder, penetrating light,"
Whelan said. "And the deeper the penetration and the redder the light, the
better the treatment."
Training Injuries
Whelan, also a commander in the Navy and diving medical officer for the
Naval Special Warfare Command, is working with doctors aboard a U.S.
nuclear submarine to determine whether LED therapy can help improve
musculoskeletal injuries suffered during training.
According to Whelan, the doctors have reported significant improvements in
healing time with the device.
The LED project will be conducted with more than 100 patients from both
Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital and Children's Hospital for 18 months.
Interested participants must be under 70 years old and have serious wounds
that their physician has determined to be healing slowly or not at all.
For more information, contact Joan Cwiklinski at (414) 454-5060.
Appeared in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel on January 15, 2001.
Photo/Jeffrey Phelps
Jacob Peters, 3, holds his stuffed
dog while undergoing a light
treatment given by Joan Cwiklinski.
Jacob Peters, 3, holds his stuffed
dog while undergoing a light
treatment given by Joan Cwiklinski.
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